Sexuality with the Disability

Sexuality with the Disability Presentation Disabled individuals have various requirements from the remainder of the individuals in the general public. Both their routine and instructive needs are changing based on what is traditionally known with respect to the day by day living society, for example, the manner by which individuals are dressed and prepped. This is additionally obvious with regards to the professional and social duties.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Sexuality with the Disability explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More From research, the core of the issue in this wide center is chiefly sexuality and the rights that the handicapped have concerning the sexual training and sexual articulation. Different individuals from the general public have cliché points of view concerning those with inabilities. Such convictions are not really evident however they are incredibly part of both the youthful and the older in the public eye! This is explicitly comparable to sexual conduct. The point of this article is to investigate the perspectives that the general public has in regards to the sexuality of impaired individuals, the most recent obstacles looked by individuals with handicaps as relating sexuality and the manner in which it influences sexual working. Outline It is inside the most recent twenty years that scientists and different experts started connecting with and directing investigations on subjects that involve sex training and sexual articulation among the debilitated. Before this time, most analysts had bound themselves to the sexual brokenness endured by most hetero white men. Such disability was because of wounds particularly on the spinal rope. As of now, the examination despite everything verges on both the clinical and rehabilitative perspectives. It focuses on the sexuality of ladies with handicaps and that of other incapacitated people. In any case, the focal point of this exploration is still on the hetero larger part. In the ongoing years, research around there has been taking a sociopolitical measurement (Shuttleworth, 2007, p. 2). As others inside the network, we are progressively being educated regarding the human rights that the handicapped should appreciate, given that it influences them socially, genuinely and intellectually. Like the remainder of the general public, the incapacitated have various degrees of potential as to propagation, sexual reaction and sexual intrigue. Note that like other cultural individuals, individuals with handicaps have needs, for example, the requirement for fondness, great relational connections and love. Studies show that even those with handicaps radiating spinal wounds, experience sexual excitement (Stolov Clowers, 2000, p. 79).Advertising Looking for research paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the way that our general surroundings has begun indicating enthusiasm for the sex ual needs of the impaired, a great deal is yet to be finished. Understanding the current perspectives that the general public holds towards the sexual needs of the impaired will be useful in both bestowing and instilling uplifting mentalities that the general public has towards them. The most recent change in demeanor is making most Americans react hesitantly, to the acknowledgment that individuals with failures are likewise sexual creatures who are set up with the requirement for sexual satisfaction, love and closeness. Mentalities on Sexuality of individuals with inabilities The view of a great many people in the general public in regards to the incapacitated, considering sexuality, are regularly intolerant. They believe that this classification of individuals isn't sexual in nature. The misled society, hence, wind up inferring that the main individuals who ought to engage in sexual relations are the truly fit. The general recognition is that individuals with incapacities shouldn' t be explicitly dynamic. This conviction is held by both the youthful and the matured in the general public, and is known to the handicapped (Marini, Glover-Graf Millington, 2011, p. 57). It is an untouchable to consider sex among the incapacitated and denying the way that it exists has never invalidated it. As per a few examinations, by the general public not giving a significant sexual coexistence to the debilitated, it is equivalent to retaining them their merited fundamental human rights (Carroll, 2006, p. 479). The crippled that are needing a sexual relationship don't simply communicate it as objection to the famous thought that they are not sexual creatures. The issues here are progressively viable. Preceding having a relationship, couples should meet. Either neediness or transport can banish the handicapped from going out for motivations behind socialization. Much of the time, the institutional world including the incapacitated seems, by all accounts, to be heartless toward t heir requirement for sex and connections. Absence of protection is an issue for the debilitated who live in care organizations. Staff individuals may get into their rooms without notice. Family members become overprotective for some handicapped people who remain at home. For the debilitated that get their spouses’ care, keeping up sexual persona isn't simple since their loved one needs to dress, wash or help them to the wash rooms. Leading an agreeable sexual relationship is thusly testing because of the nonattendance of the necessary decision and control that goes with it.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Sexuality with the Disability explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this makes it hard for the crippled to have capable sexual connections. The handicapped subsequently wind up being underestimated and estranged, because of these perspectives. They likewise disguise similar mentalities held by the general public towar ds them. Obstructions looked by the incapacitated, as for sexuality In their managing sexuality matters, the crippled experience a few obstacles. In the first place, they have an issue getting to data identified with their own circumstances, on reasonable articulation of sexuality, and required aptitudes in sexual correspondence. Other than lacking access to exact data, they get deception on sexuality, as a method of demoralizing their advantage. Second, they need protection in communicating explicitly. This is particularly for those living in institutional settings. With shared convenience, it is hard for them to communicate explicitly because of absence of protection. These conditions may in this manner cause individuals to take part in sexual conduct that is improper. Subsequently, the general public at that point starts to put generalizations on them. Third, ladies with incapacities experience both sexual and physical maltreatment. This is on the grounds that they are seen as ca sualties who will most likely be unable to report such maltreatment. Much of the time, emergency focuses, police headquarters and different safe houses are frequently out of reach. In situations where they are available, officials question the women’s validity decided from their condition of wellbeing and skill (Smith, 1999, p.153). What's more, individuals with inabilities are seen by certain individuals from the general public as being agamic. The generalization quite a while prior and could be seen in wellbeing establishments. Here, incapacitated teenagers were heedlessly positioned in emergency clinics to get clinical consideration. The two young men and young ladies could be hospitalized in abutting beds. Besides, because of their states of being, larger part of the impaired are not allowed to move all around. Most are limited in their relatives’ homes or in other human services habitats. Hence, they have restricted chances to move around, in an offer to build up important connections. This is against the nondisabled people who have the opportunity to go to better places where they can mingle and build up connections that matter.Advertising Searching for research paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference list Carroll, J.L. (2006), Sexuality currently: Embracing Diversity. Belmont, U.S: Cengage Learning. Marini, I, Glover-Graf, N.M. Millington, M.J. (2011), Psychosocial Aspects of Disability: Insider Perspectives and Counseling Strategies, NY: Springer. Shuttleworth, R. (2007). Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC. Prologue to Special issue: Critical Research and Policy Debates in Disability and Sexuality Studies. May 2007. Vol. 4, No. 1 Smith, M.B. (1999), The Reader’s Companion to U.S Women’s History, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Stolov, W.C. Clowers, M.R. (2000), Handbook of Severe Disability: A Text for Rehabilitation Counselors, Other Vocational Practitioners, and Allied Health Professionals, Washington DC: DIANE Publishing.

African Americans in the Civil War Free Essays

Roman Robinson Kristen Anderson HIST 3060 February 25, 13 African Americans and the Civil War The job African Americans played in the result, and the way to the result of the Civil War was massive. The way that the south had slaves and the north didn't assumed a tremendous job in the issues. The north needed to nullify subjection, and the south didn't and after the war began this got one of the principle purposes behind the Civil War. We will compose a custom article test on African Americans in the Civil War or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Since most African Americans couldn't peruse or compose, this made them an obvious objective, for servitude, against the predominant white man. When the slaves kicked to America they off to acknowledge how much difficulty they were entirely. The north and the south had a difficult preparing, and that was because of the slave uprisings and the run far. African Americans assumed a huge job in the result of the Civil War in view of the part they took in it. The common war, which occurred from 1861 to the 1920s, the African American people group made gigantic steps toward them getting separated of America and equivalents in America. Since they had been constrained by the intensity of the whites for such a long time, their freedom was amazingly new to them, with their new liberation. Since they were so dubious, they bantered about the most impact approach to really getting the rights they merited. They would not simply like to be second rate Negros. Some African Americans figured the real methodology is oblige the accommodating status the whites held them to, so they could gain their regard until reasonableness plagued. Others were increasingly pie in the sky with their reasoning and figured the military would make whites give up and give blacks their fundamental rights. The individuals who were still they are believed that no advancement could ever come. These blacks concluded that it was basic to get away from the shackles and remorseless perspectives toward blacks. The common war at first started to spare the Union. Toward the beginning of the war slave drivers were awfully frightened that the slaves would race to join the Union and help the war endeavors. To finance the issue, most proprietor authorized cruel limitations on their slaves. A few proprietors even moved their entire estates inland to evade any contact with the outside northerners. This didn't stop the slaves the slightest bit however, this just made more slave escape toward the north. The slaves that decided to remain just requested more opportunity from their lords. Some would state the ones that remained even increased more force; this constrained their lords to give them contributions in return for work. The issues of liberation and military help were entwined from nearly the start of the war. News from Fort Sumter made African Americans race to enroll in military units. They were totally dismissed since there was a law dating from 1792 that shielded African Americans from joining the U. S. armed force. In Boston frustrated African Americans met and passed a goals that mentioned the Government to adjust its laws to allow them to enroll. At that point Lincoln’s Second Confiscation Act was passed. The demonstration expressed that, Confederates who didn't give up with in sixty days of the demonstrations entry were to be rebuffed by having their slaves liberated. The Militia Act was additionally passed. This demonstration expressed African Americans were permitted to battle in the war. These two demonstrations together altogether rebuffed rebel slaveholders. The African Americans that enrolled both battled in the cutting edges and worked in the background work occupations. Every one of these rights that the African Americans were getting enlivened them to get back and free their families and companions. Some of them even began living in the manors that they used to be captives of. They took them over and started their own trimming. A portion of different estates had been left to more seasoned incapacitated white lady, when the men had left for the Confederate armed force. The entirety of this prompted the division of slave work in the south After making a decent attempt to keep the issue of subjection out of the war, the North chose to begin enrolling African Americans to assist them with battling in the war. The Fifty-Fourth regiment was made by the Union Army, and was the main all dark unit. This Union specifically added to the war endeavors of the North and demonstrated a newly discovered force among blacks. The regiment began when John Andrew sent a solicitation to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, to make a volunteer regiment of African Americans (3). African Americans from everywhere throughout the nation joined. To assist enlist with night further they called for help from African American pioneers like, Frederick Douglas and William Wells Brown. In only two months more than one thousand African Americans, one from something like each state, had enrolled in the regiment. The pioneer of the regiment would not be dark however, they needed the better official than have some specific accreditations. The set of working responsibilities posted read: â€Å"Young Man of Military Experience Of firm abolitionist standards, aggressive, Superior to the obscene scorn of shading Having Faith in the limit of hued men for military purpose† (2) The man picked for the activity was Robert Shaw. The African American regiment and their chief set off for Beaufort, South Carolina on May 28, 1863 (1). They were to assault Fort Wagner, which was a crucial key to Charleston. They best way to storm the fortification was to experience loads and heaps of Confederates. The sheer size of the Confederates to the Fifty-Fourth regiment was a snag in itself. The regiment knew the measure of obstructions they would need to defeat to accomplish a triumph but then they continued walking. Shaw and a couple of men walked to the highest point of the parapet, and there Shaw was shot and executed. In spite of the fact that this was very nearly a total catastrophe for the regiment they had set a way for future African American fighters. Frederick Douglas stated, â€Å"Once let the dark man get upon his individual the metal letter, U. S. , let him get a falcon on his catch, and a gun on his shoulder and slugs in his pocket, there is no force on earth that can deny that he has earned the privilege to citizenship. One thousand seventy-nine African Americans had served in the Civil War. They served in both the U. S. Armed force and around 2,000 served in the Navy. When the war was more than, forty thousand had passed on in fight and thirty thousand had kicked the bucket of malady and contamination. African American officers played out all the employ ments expected to run a military. They likewise filled in as craftsmen, clergymen, cooks, watches, workers, medical caretakers, scouts, spies, steamer pilots, specialists, and teamsters (4). There were about 80 dark appointed officials (4). Harriet Tubman was the most acclaimed spy; she served for the second South Carolina Volunteers. Tubman chose to help the Union Army since she needed opportunity for the entirety of the individuals who were constrained into bondage, not simply the couple of she could help without anyone else. What's more, she persuaded numerous other valiant African Americans to join her as spies, even at the danger of being hanged in the event that they were gotten (4). Among Harriet Tubman were numerous other African American ladies who filled in as medical caretakers, spies and scouts. Albeit, no ladies were permitted to officially join the military. At the point when dark soldiers were caught by the confederate warriors, they confronted harsher disciplines than the white soldiers. In 1863 the Confederate Congress took steps to rebuff officials of African American soldiers and oppress the African Americans, on the off chance that they were caught. Accordingly, President Lincoln gave General Order 233, which undermined compensation on Confederate detainees of war, on the off chance that they abused African American soldiers. This request scared the Confederates a little, yet African American warriors were as yet treated harsher than whites. In one of the most noticeably terrible instances of this maltreatment, Confederate warriors shot to death dark Union fighters, catches at Fort Pillow, TN, in 1864(). Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest saw everything and never really stop it. The President, Abraham Lincoln, gave the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This decree in the long run prompted the opportunity all things considered. The report formally made free all bondsmen in the regions of the Confederacy that were still in insubordination. Subjugation in spite of the fact that was not abrogated in the Border States, Tennessee, or the Union involved territories of Louisiana and Virginia. The decree just influenced the states in defiance, so after the endeavors it didn’t in reality free any slaves. Then again, it strengthened the Northern war endeavors, since they realized they were battling for a reason. More than 500,000 slaves had run away toward the North before the finish of the common war. A large number of the escapees joined the Union Army, which enormously expanded its capacity. Because of the Emancipation Proclamation, the thirteenth Amendment was made. The Amendment made on December 18, 1865, lawfully liberated all slaves still in subjugation. The last advance the Emancipation Proclamation was to discourage England and France from showing up to the war on the South. Britain and France needed to enter the war on the South side, on the grounds that the South had provided them both with cotton and tobacco. Britain and Frances position changed when they heard that the war had changed to a battle about subjection. The two countries were against servitude, so wound up giving their help to the Union. That prompted the triumphant of the battle for opportunity. Juneteenth was the day made to commend the liberation, when the slaves found out about it that midsummer. The occasion is as yet praised today. Abraham Lincoln stated, â€Å"A house isolated against itself can't stand. I accept this legislature can't suffer for all time half-slave and without half. I don't anticipate that the Union should be disintegrated. I don't anticipate that the house should fall, however I do expect it will stop to be separated. It will turn out to be each of the a certain something or the various. â€Å"(3)

Development of Teaching Strategies Research Paper

Advancement of Teaching Strategies - Research Paper Example While building up a showing technique, a portion of the focuses that must be considered incorporate however are not constrained to the destinations of instructing and its learning results, the requirements of understudies, the wants of understudies, the past experience of the understudies as students and the procedures of encouraging that they are utilized to, the skill of the instructor, the assets accessible to the educator, and the conceivable effect of the modifications made in the showing strategy on the educator. This paper talks about the advancement of instructing procedures. Essentials of Effective Teaching Significance of subject in the encouraging technique Developing a successful instructing system is necessarily connected with the subject that should be educated. Taking in needs vary starting with one subject then onto the next. On one hand, there are subjects that are totally hypothetical for example history, legislative issues, and theory while then again, there are su bjects that are numerical for example math and material science etcetera. There is likewise a third class of subjects that are both hypothetical and numerical at the same time contingent on the course chose for that subject for example chance administration. To have the option to confer most extreme information to the understudies, it is basic that an educator surveys the individualistic needs of the subject being instructed. For example, building up a showing methodology for the subject of â€Å"History† probably won't require an instructor to take the understudies on a field visit in light of the fact that the greater part of the information is basically picked up only by perusing the books while for the subject of â€Å"Geology†, an educator may never consider the activity done except if the understudies have been taken to a field visit and have been furnished with a chance to see, contact, and feel the stones, minerals, and metals that comprise a specific layers of Earth. Equivalent consideration While instructing, it is the good and moral obligation of an educator to give all understudies equivalent consideration. Divergence in the division of consideration of an instructor among the understudies is one of the reasons for poor scholarly execution of specific understudies; the ones that are dismissed or not adequately took care of. â€Å"In this undertaking, instructors are vital as a result of the focal job they play in advancing cooperation and decreasing underachievement, especially with youngsters who may be seen as experiencing issues in learning† (Rouse 1). (McGhie-Richmond, Underwood, and Jordan) did an examination to research the aptitudes required for powerful instructing in the basic instructors in the comprehensive homerooms. The researchers’ objective was to see whether the presence of the constructivist abilities follows from or is autonomous of the dominance of increasingly transmissive practices of educating. The analysts found that the examples of practices of educating were predictable over the understudies, however the scholastically ‘at risk’ understudies were seen as getting separated guidance and less consideration of the educator when contrasted with different understudies. Separated showing The term â€Å"differentiated teaching† implies arranging of ways by the educators to address contrasts in such factors as age, culture, profile of different insights, ethnicity, demeanor, character style, improvement and potential postponements being developed, and styles of learning of

Review Advantages Of Pods Construction, Kitchen And Bathroom Pods - 3300 Words

Literature Review: Advantages Of Pods Construction, Kitchen And Bathroom Pods (Research Paper Sample) Content: LITERATURE REVIEW: KITCHEN AND BATHROOM PODSINTRODUCTIONA pod is a ready-made cell delivered to a site and just slotted in. Kitchen and bathroom pods are mostly used in students hostels, offices and hotels. Pods have ability to minimize site waste as compared to other constructions methods. Kitchen and bathroom pods are significant where repetitive bathroom or kitchen designs are done hence massive production is justifiedAdvantages of pods construction * On site wastage is reduced. * Critical activities and trade visits to site are reduced. * Building time during construction is reduced by up to 80%. * There is an option of customization of the bathroom or kitchen pods.(Blismas et al, 2006)Disadvantages of pod construction. 1 Design options of kitchen and bathroom pods are limited 2 High initial cost of installation as compared to traditional. 3 Require technical assistance to install and repair.DESIGNDuring the design stage, especially the finishing and fitting stage , material usage is optimized to reduce waste. In bathroom pod design, approximately a quarter of the floor area is typically used. It also has the highest usage in terms of facilities and service provision in such a space. Pre-production of bathroom and kitchen pods samples is necessary in order to get client acceptance as well as comments. Some changes pertaining to dimensions of the pods, building, inspection process and framing are important.Design ProcessThe design of kitchen and bathroom pods involves several steps: * Design types and Pod Quantities * Size and Shape * Standardization * Drainage Design * Fixtures and FinishesDiagram 1: Bathroom pod design process * Design types and Pod QuantitiesFor each new bathroom produced the following procedure is required: 1 3D Modelling 2 Prototyping 3 Certification 4 Production line setup 5 Machine programming 6 Production EngineeringIn a bathroom pod design, the efficiency is mostly affected by the amount of pods and design types used. Reducing the design types reduces cost significantly. For viable projects, the ratio of number of pods to the designs should not be less than 50:1 with the ideal being 100:1. (Gibb, 2007) * Size and ShapeThe maximum recommended dimensions for bathroom pods is approximately 2.3m by 3.0m internally. Moreover, the ideal bathroom layout should have 4 walls with no more than 6 walls.Diagram 2: Bathroom pod maximum dimensions 2.3 x 3.0m (Pan et al., 2012 * StandardizationThe cost efficiency of the manufacturing process can be increased by designing standardized components of the bathroom in multiple pod types.Diagram 3: Bathroom pods standardized components * Drainage DesignThe number of drainage points is reduced in the bathroom design so as to eliminate inaccuracies in during concrete works and also installation errors. Methods used to penetrations include: * Use of single strip to serve both shower and bathroom. * Use of 40mm PVC in the wall cavity. * Connecting P trap toilets to the stack above the slab. * Fixtures and FinishesThe quality of finishes and fixtures of the bathroom pods is not affected. The same ones used in traditional models can be used in this modern design model. A high quality concrete finish is required before the bathroom pods is installed.A slab variation of not more than 3mm is required for installations with no additional packers. While a variation of 15mm is allowed for those with additional packers.Diagram 4: Kitchen pod finishes and fixturesMANUFACTURINGThe manufacturing process produces waste less than 1% to landfill and 0% waste on site. The process is based on procurement process that maximizes material use and better resource management. Moreover, the process benefits from sustained flow that allows high quality control through production chain management.Through a careful Kitchen and bathroom pod design, recycling of materials and management of waste helps reduce levels of waste to below 1% of the processed material in the factor y. The manufacturing process uses Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic which produces dust. This dust is usually disposed to the landfill since it is usually negligible. (Alexander and Tasker, 2002)Light Steel Frame (LSF) pods structural components are used. They come pre-cut and pre-punched to the factory hence no waste is generated from them.Diagram 5: Image showing prefabricated pods in the factoryTRANSPORTATIONDuring transportation of pods, plastic sheets that are reusable are used which are later returned to the factory when the delivery is done. This ensures very minimal waste on site. The pods can be shipped or delivered in enclosed trucks. The mode of transportation for the pods is determined by its size.A project schedule should be planned carefully to include transportation of the pods in order to ensure that the project time is not affected. Upon arrival, the pods will be set in the building before the building front goes up.Diagram 6: Image showing pod shipmentThe transportati on of the pods from the factory to the site is a process that requires a lot of planning beforehand. If done correctly it...

Argumentative Essay On Birth Control - 1022 Words

Birth Control Restriction/Termination Ever thought birth control pills are highly recommended and no one really tells women about the effects. The dangerous effects of birth control can be critical. Women have not been informed, well enough of contraceptives, especially when looking back on birth control with womens health and choices. Birth control came about from women who were obligated to have families and not letting it be a choice. Many women have heard about contraceptives that are advertised on tv, magazines, and even from a family doctor. Women knew very little of what birth control could do or even prevent. Women thought that just by taking birth control it could prevent pregnancy. They were not well informed that all body†¦show more content†¦Another common contraceptive is IUDs, which are even more at risk with STDs and pelvic inflammatory disease. Not just that, but it also weakens your immune system that helps fight viruses. As well as causing a delay in a womans menstrual cycle, unusual spotting, heavy discharge, or infections. One of the most harmful side effects comes with hormonal contraceptives. Women have to be alert and attentive with the contraceptive. If women are not cautious with some of the hormonal birth control such as an oral contraceptive, it could lead to a serious blockage of to the heart that could cause a heart attack (Draper 321). Women have to be as careful about this contraceptive that she has to go to a health care provider frequently to make sure everything is going well. When the woman’s does not take care of themselves, it also leads to problems with the women hormones called Progestin and Estrogen. London Draper is shown on a table that it can lead to depression, jaundice, fatigue, hypertension, headaches, Hirsutism, weight gain, acne/oily skin and so many more side effects (321). While trying to get a contraceptive women also have to consider some factors. Such as smoking, drinking, STI’s, age, health risks, ethics, financial status , having kids in the future and so many other issues that women have to think about and consider. Therefore, not all contraceptives are made for different ages.Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Birth Control1393 Words   |  6 PagesHastings Wagamon English Composition 11/16/2017 Argumentative Proposal Why Not Unload A Gun Contraception has been around for thousands of years. Several methods and technologies have occurred over these years to help further the effectiveness of contraception. Contraceptives come in all shapes and sizes and each one has different qualities including, their strengths and weaknesses. The most commonly used contraceptive is a condom, which helps prevent pregnancies and the transmission of sexualRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Abortion Pill1160 Words   |  5 Pagesenough to somebody from the outside looking in. Again, I believe there should be a right reason to have an abortion but my reasoning wouldn’t always be the same as another woman’s would be. A woman has a right to have an abortion Running Head: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY 3 because it is her body. Abortion should be legal but discouraged. Legal simply because it is a choice and what grows inside your body is yours. But discouraged because there are other more effective ways to prevent pregnancy than abortionRead MoreTheories And Arguments : Inherit The Wind By Jerome Lawrence Robert E. Lee Essay780 Words   |  4 Pageswant them to. Extremist beliefs in both religion and science can lead to poor judgment and an imposition of unearned power and beliefs Throughout history and today, we are still fighting this battle (i.e. Turkey, ISIS, LGBTQ+ rights, abortion/birth control, etc.) Essential Questions: How do we affect nature and how does it affect us? How do our morals and values inform our decisions in the outside world? How do people make thoughtful choices even when they disagree with what society is tellingRead MoreThe Case For Rights Education1665 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriate background for this particular topic. His experience includes , but is not limited to, Assistant Professor at University of New Hampshire, Poet, Editor, Best American Experimental Writing, and Metamodern Studies. Using this article on an argumentative essay will be achieved by using it as a supporting source on the consequences of a young adult not attending sex education courses. â€Å"American Teens’ Sources of Sexual Health Education. Guttmatcher Institue, Apr. 2016, www.guttmacher.org/fact-sRead MorePlanned Parenthood - Argumentative Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay Planned Parenthood Millions of women across America will struggle to receive the medical attention they need if the federal government stops funding to Planned Parenthood. Every year 363 million dollars goes into the funding â€Å"pot† collectively at Planned Parenthood’s nationwide (Clark 5). This money is used predominantly by women; for six in ten women, Planned Parenthood acts as their main source of health care (Clark 4). Many individuals with low incomes depend on these clinicsRead MoreArgumentative Essay: Abortion1075 Words   |  5 PagesIn my argumentative Essay, I am arguing that abortion is wrong and not to be mistaken with Abortion should be made illegal. I will explain later why I have made this statement. Abortion is the termination of an unborn child in its mothers womb for up to twenty four weeks of the pregnancy or in special circumstances e.g. Disability diagnosis a termination right up until the mother goes in to labour. I think the above definition is an easier and less harsh way of saying that abortionRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1452 Words   |  6 PagesTravis Lignell Argumentative Essay 04/28/2015 With forty five million abortions per year worldwide, the abortion debate is full of what people consider being right or wrong, or whether deliberately terminating a pregnancy before the birth of the child is in essence, murder. (6) Abortion is an extremely painful topic for both men and women who have put themselves in the situation of whether or not to end a pregnancy. It is one of the most polarizing moral issues and most people are very strongRead MoreFirst Generations Women During Colonial America By Carol Berkin1252 Words   |  6 Pagesthey did not have any rights at all. Women were treated very poorly with no type of respect. In the book called FIRST Generations WOMEN in COLONIAL AMERICA, by Carol Berkin it talked about various examples of how women were treated. Throughout my essay I will be explaining a few topics that were repeatedly in the book and I found important. Huge topic like gender roles, women population, and men being privilege. It was not easy for women around this time era, because they had to deal with a lot ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized? Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic that I chose for my argumentative essay is about the topic of abortion. Abortion has been a contr oversial topic for a very long time. The dictionary definition of abortion is â€Å"A medical procedure used to end a pregnancy and cause the death of the fetus†(Merriam-Webster). Many people believe that this procedure is wrong and immoral. These people, who are categorized as â€Å"pro-lifers†, often times forget that by making abortion illegal does not mean that abortion will be stopped. In fact byRead MorePsychology : Personality Psychology Exam1709 Words   |  7 Pagestype of personality a person stuck in the oral stage may have is the oral-aggressive type. Those who fall under this type are orally aggressive in their relationships with others. They can be referred to as put down artists and have a sarcastic, argumentative behavior. âž ¢ Anal stage: The anal-retentive personality type delays final satisfactions to the last possible moment and shows orderliness, stinginess, and stubbornness, a constipated orientation (Personality Theories, p. 31). The anal-expulsive

Essay about Bell Hooks Incorrect Stance On Punnishment

Our society allows police, council officials, and other busy bodies dictate how parents should raise their children. A scolding, smack in the face, and a spanking on the butt are all forms of punishment. A punishment is a tool used by parents to discipline their children for misbehavior. Abuse is a commonly thrown around term that offers an inflated meaning to punishment. bell hooks states in her article that a parent cannot â€Å"love† if they are â€Å"abusive.† Care for individuals’ actions is love; if a child is not reprimanded for bad behavior then the parent is further being abusive. Each and every parent loves their child and to have people dictate on how to raise their child is acceptable to a point. bell hooks deals an absolute, which is†¦show more content†¦She proclaims that she was confused about her parents love for her and her siblings. This idea that hooks offers is, why punish if you love? Love has everything to do with punishment, with out this â€Å"abuse† youth would be under the assumption that actions have no consequences. Parents are primarily concerned for their children’s future, where a child ends up is a reflection upon the parent. I have two nephews of the ages 4 and 1. The 4 year old, named Rustin is as wild as they come. With no apparent discipline, by my brother or sister-in-law he will undoubtedly become a ruthless youth. My brother tells me that he does not want to hit his son, because he doesn’t want Rustin to hate him. My nephew loves my brother with the upmost conviction, but what my brother does not see is that he is giving Rustin an injustice. Without the stern presence of a father, you can never expect a child to grow and develop properly. Children’s brains are constantly developing, and to enable your child to realize the consequences of their actions will prove invaluable. The future of my nephew is still uncertain, but I know unless my brother starts â€Å"lovin g† my nephew a little more he may have a difficult time in society. â€Å"If you dont behave youre going to get a good hiding!† She doesnt mean it literally of course† (Author Unknown: Discipline, â€Å"tough love† and child abuse) Parents often threaten their children with a punishment in order to convince them to stop. It is common

Sports in Great Britain, the USA and Russia free essay sample

The British like athletics really much. They are fond of all sorts of athleticss. Many athleticss were invented in Great Britain and so distribute throughout the universe. Sports became popular long ago. In the 19-th century athletics was organised at public schools so that immature people could develop their physical abilities. But shortly afterwards the thought was borrowed by business communities who started to organize football and other athleticss for their workers. From the 1960s commercial companies began to patronize different British athleticss and activities. The national British athleticss are: football, golf, cricket, tennis, racing, darts. Like everyone else the British adore football. Furthermore, the Englishmen invented it. Cipher can state for certain when people started playing football on the British Isles. It is of import nevertheless, that current unvarying regulations of the game were settled merely in the 19-th century. At that clip there was a great argument, whether one could utilize his manus to kick the ball or non. Those who wanted to allow the participants to transport the ball with their custodies united to organize rugger. Rugby is played by squads of 15 work forces with an egg-shaped ball. Those who insisted on playing with pess and caput merely had the bulk and that was the beginning of football as everybody knows it today. In Great Britain and more frequently in the United States football is called association football to separate the game from American football, the game that has much in common with rugger. Soccer, played about in all states, remains one of the most popular games in Great Britain. Each squad consists of field participants and one goalie. Merely the goalie is permitted to take the ball into his custodies. The game lasts for 90 proceedingss with a 15 minute interruption between two halves 45 proceedingss each. Most British towns and metropoliss have a football squad. Every twelvemonth, each squad in England dramas in the Football Association competition. The two best squads play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. It is one of the biggest featuring events of the twelvemonth. Another traditional British game is cricket. Unlike football cricket is non widely dispersed outside the British Isles. Cricket is a summer game, it is played in schools, colleges, universities. Cricket is a really long and a really slow game. There are two squads. Each squad consists of 11 work forces. The bowler throws the ball, and a batter hits it with his chiropteran. Tennis is besides really popular in Britain. Two different games that do non hold much in common bear the name of tennis lawn tennis and table tennis. Both games foremost appeared in England, but today the British prefer lawn tennis to postpone tennis. Every summer, in June, the biggest tourney in the universe takes topographic point at Wimbledon. This universe Centre of lawn tennis is located in a suburb of London. Millions of people watch the Wimbledon Championship on Television. Table tennis originated in England in 1880. But the British participants are non lucky in table tennis international titles. Englishmans like all sorts of rushing. Horseracing, auto racing, boat racing, dog-racing, donkey racing are really popular in England. The most celebrated boat racing in England is between Oxford and Cambridge. It foremost started in 1820 and has been held about every spring since 1836. A batch of people come to watch this competition between England s prima universities. Americans are interested in different athleticss and activities. The major American athleticss are ice hockey, baseball, American football and hoops. The big pick of athleticss in America can be explained by the assortment and size of the state, its different climes and the people s love of competitions of any type. The seasons of the four major athleticss frequently overlap. Baseball is the most popular summer athletics in America. But the first baseball games start in warm, cheery parts like Florida and Arizona in winter. The first American baseball lucifer was held in 1839 in New York. There is an sentiment that baseball comes from a much older game, played in Europe for many old ages. To play baseball, two squads of nine participants are needed. The hurler throws the ball, and the hitter hits it with a chiropteran. Americans start playing baseball immature. There are conferences which kids of eight can fall in. The top participants become large stars. Americans play most international athleticss, but they do non play football in the same manner as the remainder of the universe. American football is a game that does non hold much in common with association football. The participants can run with a ball, touch and push each other. The field is non traditional, and even the form of the ball is different. American football participants wear helmets on their caputs, because the game is really unsafe. American football squads have eleven participants. Basketball was invented in the United States. A school teacher designed the regulations for a game that his pupils could play indoors. There are merely five participants in a hoops squad. Normally hoops participants are really tall and they show that hoops can be exciting. Ice hockey is America s favorite winter game. It is really fast. It can be unsafe and its participants wear helmets excessively. Other athleticss and activities attract 1000000s of participants and witnesss in the USA. These are swimming, tennis, endurance contests, bowling, crosscountry skiing, skating, and badminton. Now triathlon is one of the most popular athleticss in the USA. # 1063 ; comprises swimming, bike racing and long-distance running. Many athleticss are popular in Russia. There are many bowls and public athleticss installations here. Numerous national and international lucifers and competiti ons are on a regular basis held in our state. They attract big Numberss of fans. Most of the of import games are shown on Television. Football is believed to be Russia s favorite athletics in summer, while many immature people play ice hockey in winter. Our state has been successful in different athleticss, particularly in ice hockey. During the Olympic Games the Russian jocks prove the repute of Russia as universe s prima state in athleticss. The national squad of Russia has many times won the World Hockey Championships. In Russia much attending is paid to organized athleticss and this should nt dominate the many sporting activities which are portion of day-to-day Russian life. School kids spend their free clip playing football, hoops and other athleticss. In winter many Russians go in for skiing and skating. There are many skating rinks in the metropoliss. Is sport popular in your state? Today there is widespread involvement in athletics in Russia. What games do you play at school? -During PT classes students drama football, hoops, volleyball. Pupils besides do many exercisings that help them to maintain tantrum. In winter schools organise skiing competitions. What games are popular in Russia? Football, ice hockey and volleyball are certain to be the most popular games in Russia. A batch of fans go to the bowl to back up their squads. When it is non possible to travel to the bowl to back up the favorite squad people can watch competitions on Television. Television has made athleticss available to all. The accent on athleticss is apparent in flushing intelligence programmes. What football squads are popular in Russia? There are many good football squads in Russia. Moscow Spartak is the strongest and the most popular squad in Russia. Thousands of Spartak protagonists go to the bowl to see their squad drama. As for me, I prefer another Moscow squad, Locomotive. There are good participants in Loco and this squad has a great potency. I am certain that shortly Loco will take the topographic point of Spartak as the state s title-holder. What British football squads do you cognize? In Great Britain there are four football titles that are held individually: in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The best participants are in England. Many football participants from Continental Europe semen to play for English squads. I guess that today the strongest football squad on the British Isles is Manchester United , although London Arsenal and Chelsea every bit good as Blackburn Rovers are fearful challengers. Scotland is noted for its Glasgow Rangers. Is football popular in the United States? Yes, it is. Football is highly popular in the United States, but they have different regulations of the game. The fact is that in the United States when they say football they mean American football, while European football is normally referred to as association football. In the recent old ages association football is deriving its popularity in the United States every bit good. In 1994 World Football Championship took topographic point in the United States. However in the United States association football is particularly popular among misss, while male childs prefer athleticss that are more traditional for their state American football, baseball and hoops. Are you keen on athletics? Although athletics plays an of import function in my life, I do non travel in for it professionally. My pick of the athleticss depends upon the season. In summer I like to swim in the lakes and rivers and in winter I like to skate. Skating is a widespread activity among my friends. There are many skating rinks in our town. As for jogging I do it every forenoon all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Is sport of import for your household? Yes, it is. Our household is making athleticss on the recreational degree. My male parent is an devouring cheat participant. My female parent likes walking in the Parks. My sister prefers to acquire fit at place. She has a batch of books and video-cassettes with instructions how to make place exercising programmes. Although I do non travel in for athleticss, I am fond of such activities that allow me to maintain tantrum at place. I prefer ramble oning. We besides like to watch football, ice-hockey and tennis lucifers on Television. What do American school and colleges use athleticss activities far? American schools and colleges use athleticss activities as a manner of learning societal values. Among these are teamwork and sportsmanship. The mean high school offers its pupils a great assortment of athleticss, including rowing, wrestle, tennis and golf. That is why Americans have done good in many sorts of athleticss. What is regarded as an ideal in the USA? Being intelligent and being good in athleticss are regarded as an ideal. There are many colleges that have first-class academic repute and are besides good in athleticss. What worries professional American jocks today? Today athletics becomes more and more professional. But it is possible to demo high consequences merely at a certain age. Many sportswomans have to end their professional calling in their mid-thirtiess. At present professional jocks are concerned with acquiring a good instruction that will let them to happen good occupations when their playing yearss are over. Are at that place particular universities for athleticss in the USA? There are no separate universities for athleticss in the USA. Everyone in America can take part in athleticss activities. Public athleticss installations have ever been available in great figure for participants.

Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm A Book by George Orwell Essay Example

Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell Essay The Old Major’s speech was at the very start of chapter one of the book. It illustrates how animal farm was based on the Russian Revolution and how the Old Major character was modeled on Karl Marx who wrote the communist manifesto which was a guiding principle of the Russian Revolution. The Old Major used a huge amount of persuasive techniques in many different ways. He used emotive language to make the animals have an emotional, rather than a rational response to his speech. He creates a number of ideas that he expresses to the animals to make them believe that the revolution is for the right ideas. The first idea is of man as a parasite, a being who ‘consumes without producing’, lazy and weak. This sets up the central theme of injustice that such a creature should be lord of the strong and productive animals. This is reinforced by appealing to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. This makes the speech much more personal towards the animals as it makes it easier for them relate to because part of the speech is directed at them. We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second idea is that man is a threat, not just to the wellbeing of the animals but to their very lives as ‘no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end’. The hens’ eggs do not hatch into chickens, the pigs will ‘scream’ their lives out at the block, when Boxer’s muscles give out he will be sent to the knacker and when the dogs grow old ‘Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them’. This idea is threatening towards the animals which gives them one more reason to agree to the revolution as they would feel threatened an un easy if they did nothing to prevent their fate that the Old Major described. So first the animals are made to feel aggrieved at supporting the parasitic humans, and then their lives threatened. The third key idea in the speech is that there is a solution, only one solution which is made to feel inevitable ‘I do not know when that rebellion will come but I know that sooner or later justice will be done’. The fourth key idea is of unity and common purpose. ‘Among all us animals let there be perfect unity’. Implicit in this idea is the message that any disunity undermines all the animals. Even the rats, who are not a widely liked group, count as animals. This binds the animals together but it also effectively silences any legitimate questioning or dissent. So this covers the key ideas in the speech, but it’s effectiveness lies not so much in the ideas that are communicated but in the way these ideas are expressed. The Old Major uses many rhetorical devices. The Old Major has a keen sense of his audience. He appeals to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. Then he binds them together. He also uses extreme language and brutal images. Piglets don’t simply die, they ‘scream their lives out’. The dogs don’t get put down, they are drowned with a brick tied around their necks. He does this to add more suspense and make the animals future sound more severe than it is. He also anticipates counter arguments by stating them himself, but minimising and downplaying them. So he concedes that man might feed the animals, but he only gives them ‘the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving’. The idea that the animals might have any common interest with men is dismissed as ‘all lies‘. When he mentions how the animals get fed ‘the bare minimum’ after working hard to provide food for the humans it includes that the Old Major had become ‘stout’ which clearly means that he had not been underfed and he had been fed far more than the bare minimum, or he wouldn’t be the size that he was. It was also included that he was old (the ‘Old’ Major) and the irony is that he told the animals that they would be slaughtered when in fact he has lived a long life and has not been subject to hostility. The animals clearly did not realise this at the time because the one main point about the book is that the pigs are cleverer than the rest of the animals more easily. It’s worth discussing the way in which the Old Major speaks. He alternates rhetorical questions questions where the answer is self-evident. Occasionally he will ask a question which he then proceeds to answer himself ‘Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There are many questions in the speech but none of them are genuine questions, the answers are all either implicit in the question or given in the speech. Each time he is pushing the animals along and forces them to think along the channels he has chosen. In parts of the speech he had a very clever idea of how to use the rhetorical questions for lots of purposes. He makes them believe that they are thinking for themselves, but really he is intentionally forcing the answers through the questions that he is asking. He does this partly to mask the fact that he is manipulating them into agreeing with him. When the Old Major isn’t asking questions, he is exclaiming. ‘Fix your minds on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives! ’ The speech he makes isn’t a quiet one, you can tell from the exclamations that his voice is raised and designed to be rousing. The Old Major doesn’t just repeat his ideas, he repeats certain words. Take the word ‘comrades’ which reinforces the idea of unity, this is used no fewer than a dozen times. A word or a phrase used in one sentence is repeated in the next to make sure that the message is heard and reinforced. ‘Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come ’ The use of the repetition is very skilled because it is a rhetorical trick as he only repeats key works to enforce that the message gets heard more clearly. He cleverly compares what the humans do and what the animals do ‘He does not give milk, He does not give eggs’ and ‘OUR labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it’ which is a clear comparison of how in his eyes, the humans do nothing but make the animals work, and the animals do all the work and get nothing in return. He also says how the humans are ‘The Lord of the Animals’ and the animals get nothing. This gives the animals yet another reason to go ahead with the resolution. The Old Major also makes his thought process seem natural and logical, so that each idea flows into the next and takes his audience with him. It all builds to a natural conclusion ‘Is it not crystal clear then that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings’. The conclusion feels logical even though it might not stand up to scrutiny. The conclusion is that man is to blame for all the ills that attend the animals. The Old Major’s speech is emotive i. e. t engenders certain emotions in his audience. First he makes them feel miserable, enslaved, downtrodden. Then he presents a solution, which offers hope. Then he binds them together and makes them feel unified and resolute against a common enemy. But underpinning all this there is a certain sort of sentimentality. He appeals to the animals to remember the days of their own youths and the youth of their offsprin g. He refers to the chickens that never hatched, the foals that never stayed with their dam and his own youth ‘Many years ago when I was a little pig‘. Another use of emotive language is when he says to the animals ‘I don’t have much time left. ’, as if it were his final dying wished for the revolution to be carried out. They are made to feel sympathetic towards him. This made them feel obliged to agree to his suggestions (which was what he intended) as they would feel guilty if they did not because he did not have much of his life left. I would go as far as saying it was emotional blackmail because he was putting the animals in a position where they couldn’t decline. There were many emotive language examples throughout the speech. Another one was ‘and even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural life span’. He used strong adjectives e. g miserable to make the animals feel sorry for themselves and each other because they are made to think that their lives have been bad and they have been deprived and they deserve more. He makes them feel like they are being exploited by man by saying this. Another point is that the Old Major intentionally leaves out the fact that the humans feed him and look after him and the rest of the animals. This proves that he is biased because he has purposely not included any of this information. The was that he presents the whole idea is clever because he presents it so there is only one resolution to what he is saying. This strategy is enforced when he threatens the cows, pigs and dogs by creating an image of an extremely brutal and severe future for all of them which is not entirely true. At the end he briefly warns he animals- as if he knows what is going to happen, when he says ‘Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. So he is trying to explain that they should not turn into the enemy. The speech finishes with a song, a rousing song, that ‘threw all the animals into the wildest excitement’. All the animals start singing it, and in singing in unison, their unity is cemented. Overall Old Major’s speech worked very effectively and his intentional outcome of the speech was fulfilled because the animals had been influenced to such an extent that they agreed and felt partially obliges to go ahead with the rebellion, suggested by him. Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm A Book by George Orwell Essay Example Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell Essay The Old Major’s speech was at the very start of chapter one of the book. It illustrates how animal farm was based on the Russian Revolution and how the Old Major character was modeled on Karl Marx who wrote the communist manifesto which was a guiding principle of the Russian Revolution. The Old Major used a huge amount of persuasive techniques in many different ways. He used emotive language to make the animals have an emotional, rather than a rational response to his speech. He creates a number of ideas that he expresses to the animals to make them believe that the revolution is for the right ideas. The first idea is of man as a parasite, a being who ‘consumes without producing’, lazy and weak. This sets up the central theme of injustice that such a creature should be lord of the strong and productive animals. This is reinforced by appealing to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. This makes the speech much more personal towards the animals as it makes it easier for them relate to because part of the speech is directed at them. We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second idea is that man is a threat, not just to the wellbeing of the animals but to their very lives as ‘no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end’. The hens’ eggs do not hatch into chickens, the pigs will ‘scream’ their lives out at the block, when Boxer’s muscles give out he will be sent to the knacker and when the dogs grow old ‘Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them’. This idea is threatening towards the animals which gives them one more reason to agree to the revolution as they would feel threatened an un easy if they did nothing to prevent their fate that the Old Major described. So first the animals are made to feel aggrieved at supporting the parasitic humans, and then their lives threatened. The third key idea in the speech is that there is a solution, only one solution which is made to feel inevitable ‘I do not know when that rebellion will come but I know that sooner or later justice will be done’. The fourth key idea is of unity and common purpose. ‘Among all us animals let there be perfect unity’. Implicit in this idea is the message that any disunity undermines all the animals. Even the rats, who are not a widely liked group, count as animals. This binds the animals together but it also effectively silences any legitimate questioning or dissent. So this covers the key ideas in the speech, but it’s effectiveness lies not so much in the ideas that are communicated but in the way these ideas are expressed. The Old Major uses many rhetorical devices. The Old Major has a keen sense of his audience. He appeals to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. Then he binds them together. He also uses extreme language and brutal images. Piglets don’t simply die, they ‘scream their lives out’. The dogs don’t get put down, they are drowned with a brick tied around their necks. He does this to add more suspense and make the animals future sound more severe than it is. He also anticipates counter arguments by stating them himself, but minimising and downplaying them. So he concedes that man might feed the animals, but he only gives them ‘the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving’. The idea that the animals might have any common interest with men is dismissed as ‘all lies‘. When he mentions how the animals get fed ‘the bare minimum’ after working hard to provide food for the humans it includes that the Old Major had become ‘stout’ which clearly means that he had not been underfed and he had been fed far more than the bare minimum, or he wouldn’t be the size that he was. It was also included that he was old (the ‘Old’ Major) and the irony is that he told the animals that they would be slaughtered when in fact he has lived a long life and has not been subject to hostility. The animals clearly did not realise this at the time because the one main point about the book is that the pigs are cleverer than the rest of the animals more easily. It’s worth discussing the way in which the Old Major speaks. He alternates rhetorical questions questions where the answer is self-evident. Occasionally he will ask a question which he then proceeds to answer himself ‘Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There are many questions in the speech but none of them are genuine questions, the answers are all either implicit in the question or given in the speech. Each time he is pushing the animals along and forces them to think along the channels he has chosen. In parts of the speech he had a very clever idea of how to use the rhetorical questions for lots of purposes. He makes them believe that they are thinking for themselves, but really he is intentionally forcing the answers through the questions that he is asking. He does this partly to mask the fact that he is manipulating them into agreeing with him. When the Old Major isn’t asking questions, he is exclaiming. ‘Fix your minds on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives! ’ The speech he makes isn’t a quiet one, you can tell from the exclamations that his voice is raised and designed to be rousing. The Old Major doesn’t just repeat his ideas, he repeats certain words. Take the word ‘comrades’ which reinforces the idea of unity, this is used no fewer than a dozen times. A word or a phrase used in one sentence is repeated in the next to make sure that the message is heard and reinforced. ‘Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come ’ The use of the repetition is very skilled because it is a rhetorical trick as he only repeats key works to enforce that the message gets heard more clearly. He cleverly compares what the humans do and what the animals do ‘He does not give milk, He does not give eggs’ and ‘OUR labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it’ which is a clear comparison of how in his eyes, the humans do nothing but make the animals work, and the animals do all the work and get nothing in return. He also says how the humans are ‘The Lord of the Animals’ and the animals get nothing. This gives the animals yet another reason to go ahead with the resolution. The Old Major also makes his thought process seem natural and logical, so that each idea flows into the next and takes his audience with him. It all builds to a natural conclusion ‘Is it not crystal clear then that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings’. The conclusion feels logical even though it might not stand up to scrutiny. The conclusion is that man is to blame for all the ills that attend the animals. The Old Major’s speech is emotive i. e. t engenders certain emotions in his audience. First he makes them feel miserable, enslaved, downtrodden. Then he presents a solution, which offers hope. Then he binds them together and makes them feel unified and resolute against a common enemy. But underpinning all this there is a certain sort of sentimentality. He appeals to the animals to remember the days of their own youths and the youth of their offsprin g. He refers to the chickens that never hatched, the foals that never stayed with their dam and his own youth ‘Many years ago when I was a little pig‘. Another use of emotive language is when he says to the animals ‘I don’t have much time left. ’, as if it were his final dying wished for the revolution to be carried out. They are made to feel sympathetic towards him. This made them feel obliged to agree to his suggestions (which was what he intended) as they would feel guilty if they did not because he did not have much of his life left. I would go as far as saying it was emotional blackmail because he was putting the animals in a position where they couldn’t decline. There were many emotive language examples throughout the speech. Another one was ‘and even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural life span’. He used strong adjectives e. g miserable to make the animals feel sorry for themselves and each other because they are made to think that their lives have been bad and they have been deprived and they deserve more. He makes them feel like they are being exploited by man by saying this. Another point is that the Old Major intentionally leaves out the fact that the humans feed him and look after him and the rest of the animals. This proves that he is biased because he has purposely not included any of this information. The was that he presents the whole idea is clever because he presents it so there is only one resolution to what he is saying. This strategy is enforced when he threatens the cows, pigs and dogs by creating an image of an extremely brutal and severe future for all of them which is not entirely true. At the end he briefly warns he animals- as if he knows what is going to happen, when he says ‘Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. So he is trying to explain that they should not turn into the enemy. The speech finishes with a song, a rousing song, that ‘threw all the animals into the wildest excitement’. All the animals start singing it, and in singing in unison, their unity is cemented. Overall Old Major’s speech worked very effectively and his intentional outcome of the speech was fulfilled because the animals had been influenced to such an extent that they agreed and felt partially obliges to go ahead with the rebellion, suggested by him.

Who governs the schools

Who governs the schools Introduction Education is closely linked to politics because its roots are wide and it affects every facet of the society. Academic freedom has not been defined by the U.S. constitution. However, the federal and the state courts have addressed this issue, and it is strongly protected (Wilson, DiIulio and Bose 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Who governs the schools? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Formal education cannot be compared with any other factor in governance because it experiences minimal changes regardless of whether it is in private or public institutions. It acts as an instrument in the establishing the broader social order for those people who wish to experience change or even safeguard their status quo. In the United States, formal education has been changing over the last decades and the current education system is different from the one that was practiced early in the 20th century. K-12 operates in about fifty states, with five million employees and students exceeding 48 million. This system is very costly and takes close to 2 billion dollars daily. This is not standardized because it is very reliable on the political dynamics. Thus, it is bound to change very often. Schools and colleges are subjects of the increased politicization, glacial pace to change, and these institutions change and the changes are expected even in the future (Guthrie 1-2). Attention has also shifted to the post-secondary educational institutions to use these institutions as significant features in the political landscape. A lot of research has been done to establish how the economy can be preserved while offering quality education. Student financial aid is one of the tools that have been used in this process. There are concerns as to whether the lower schools have received adequate attention (Guthrie 3). This paper discusses about the governance of schools and the politics that accompany this proces s. Dynamics experienced in politics are significant in the quality of education offered in the society. The federal and State governments have overpowered the traditional, local system of school governance. Education efficiency In the U.S., education is an individual states responsibility. States have focused their attention on the outcome that they are likely to gain from the education systems that they establish (Adams and Rick, 2-5). The states embrace the outcomes to provide favorable processes to each district.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The school managers, teachers, as well as students are involved in the process of making the procedures to ensure that the standards are followed. Each state balances its own local judgments with those of the state. This has prompted the authorities into taking this as an opportunity to introduce reforms and transformation s. Challenges are experienced in establishing whether the resources employed are utilized to the maximum. Policy makers have a keen interest in the assessment of educational systems efficiency. In the current systems, the spending levels have been expressed as per each pupils expense. This system is inefficient because it keeps rising as there is no proper, direct measure of what schools accomplish as defined by the outcomes achieved. It does not offer solutions as to how schools can change their mode of operation over time to meet the desired outcomes. Lack of proper planning for the gradual changes has made it difficult to establish policies that would provide for clear gains in the education system. Other key social goals have been undermined in the process. They include fairness and the freedom to choose the best system by institutions. Transformation is influenced by the dynamic political structures, and this should not be the case. The change should be initiated based on the o utcomes achieved and the expected results (Adams and Rick, 7). Each decade holds a unique plan, and this is determined by the leaders in power during a given period. For instance, George W. Bushs election victory was attributed to his education plan. However, any negative changes that may arise as a result of this plan may not be blamed on the president. The public can only complain about the issues arising like the meddling by the federal government and insufficient funding. In such a scenario, feedback and change implementation cannot be effectively assigned to ensure that an improvement is made (Epstein 3). Criticism of schools and blame will continue to persist as long as new governors and presidents develop new varying resolutions every decade. Such proposals can only last for the duration that they are in power. With this arrangement, planning for the education system has become political. It triggers applause and is a tool for winning votes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Who governs the schools? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the end, there is no risk attached to the planned resolutions if they fail because the governors and presidents do not have direct control over the implementation of the policies. The chief state school officers run the state education departments. They report to the state boards of education, and not the governors. This has led to the confusion and poor accountability that has been experienced in the education system. Making the political figures fully in charge of these systems can be a positive move towards an efficient education system. A separate education government is not effective if these figures are not held accountable for the outcome experienced from the resolutions that they establish. The challenges experienced are as a result of dominance by the political figures in the education system. The irony is that they dominate the education policies a nd leave the accountability to everyone else (Epstein 4-5). Direct political control promises greater visibility and accountability that will see the academic results improve. The management of programs that come before and after schools will also be effective. Challenges experienced in the school environment like teenage pregnancies among other social ills can be controlled effectively. Thus, the education system improves with the effective implementation of the policies. However, the main challenge is holding the mayors, governors, and the presidents accountable for the results achieved. Although the policies can be enacted and implemented in one term of office, the probability of evaluating the policies in the same term is nil. Thus, it is impossible to determine the efficiency of the policies given that there is no guarantee for another term in office (Epstein 5). Inadequate knowledge and technical properties do not mean that the education system is unpredictable or unmanageable . It only calls for great care in the implementation and exercise of these efforts to ensure that the current educational systems are efficient. The data and feedback assessed should be assessed and analyzed to determine the changes that can be established despite the accountability challenges that exist (Monk 22). The role of Political leaders in the educational systems The issue of accountability has triggered a new interest in the education systems as education politics have become a new reality (Sunderman 226). For the Mayors, there has been an increasing need to link the schools with other city services such as health and housing.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would make the mayors realize and plan for the future of their cities with education in mind. Since the education system is not an independent concept, other factors can be used to determine the faith of the public in the educational plans. The mayors can play major roles in the back office roles of the education system, support charter schools by proposing for new ones, or convert the public schools that have a record of failure. They can also facilitate the use of schools to reach the community for other services like health and day care among other community activities. This is a way of maximizing resources all year round, and the mayors also get a chance to add value to urban real estate. Such involvement by mayors gives the parents confidence in public schools and may save them the expenses associated with the private institutions (Cooper, James and Lance 24). The education system goals can be narrowed down to reach each student and widen the coverage in the society. The N o Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) that was re authorized in 2007 is an example of efforts by the government to promote a fair distribution of resources. Funding decisions are associated with a lot of controversy, and there is a need to reconsider some of the policy options. For instance, states that failed to focus on the fiscal side did not succeed in reducing the resource gap between the neediest districts and their affluent counterparts. This raised the issue of whether the federal government can clear the resource gap or not. This is only possible if a systematic examination is adopted within the country to meet its 2014 goal of educating every child. Politics that are based on accountability have been facilitated by the expansion issue in education. In this program, the political leaders such as the governors and the mayors are the key players. The high courts are also part of this plan that works at ensuring that leaders are accountable for the plans and policies that they put in place. Increasing accountability among the political leaders helps in addressing the issue of income and racial disparity. It also solves the tension that exists between social redistribution and the decentralized governance. Accountability discourages the political figures from establishing risky policies. It also builds a commitment towards the inter-governmental system (Cooper, James and Lance 28). Political Dynamics Evident in the Education system Dating back to the mid-1980s, the education policy has experienced many dynamics. With the K-12 education system, there has been changes in curriculum and the standards of performance. There have been new assessment and accountability regimes adopted, as well as new and attractive programs for teachers in terms of performance and pay. These have contributed to the rise and fall of numerous, systematic reform efforts. The same dynamics have also been experienced in higher education in terms of financing. There has been a decline in the public investment, as far as higher education is concerned. This has played a role in the performance and accountability reforms. The focus is not only on the inputs, but also the outcomes achieved. However, concerns have been raised as to why states have embarked on policy changes. The education policy change significance in the US may have been contributed by social, economical, and political differences that exist. However, this is not well linked to the assessment of the input and output assessment that has been done. External factors seem to play a bigger role in the education system. It poses a risk that this trend will continue in the future if a systematic approach is not adopted (Cooper, James and Lance 30). A continuous evaluation program involving political leaders has to be implemented for proper governance. Micro level systems, which are influenced by the existing political powers, should be dropped to adopt a systematic approach that involves all the stakeholders in d ecision makers. This will serve the interests of the general public, as well as the governments interests (Cooper, James and Lance 31). Good governance should involve maximum state, and local discretion to promote investment by educators and systems that offer support in return. Lack of this exercise constrains the government in terms of enforcement or promotion of enhanced educational practice with positive results. Another requirement for meeting the NLCB goal is the need for highly qualified teachers. While the governments argue that there is enough supply of qualified teachers, low income schools have suffered high teacher turnover rates. This puts the low income schools in a disadvantaged position when compared to the affluent schools. If the states could focus on the neediest districts in fund allocation, then there is a probability that the teachers would be attracted to stay in the neediest schools through the provision of incentives and other attractive packages. Such a str ategy would help in closing the resource and the achievement gap that exists between these districts (Epstein 9-10). Finance equalization has not been achieved in most of the states as a result of the poor approach given by the federal policy makers. The neediest students have not gotten the chance to access the much needed access to quality education. Most of the funds end up in the schools where students are already doing well, and this keeps them ahead of the needy students. The federal government should give an approach whereby funds are allocated according to each districts needs. Funds have also been allocated to public schools to cater for students who fail to progress academically for two consecutive years. There is also a prospect that the same should be applied in the private schools. However, this should be used as a strategy to help public schools gain preference. The choice between the private and public schools has been promoted by supporting the public schools. It pro vides competition that is meant to increase the efficiency in schools. This has resulted in conformity rather than choice because rewards and punishments only attract students because of the financial support and not a choice (Espain 11). School boards have lost power over the governance of schools to the federal government. In the past, American education was rooted in the local policy, management and financial control that are traditions, which are closely linked to the political culture. This has changed since 2000, and a majority of the Americans wants Washington to reduce its influence over the education system. It is feared that the NCLB program will change that and expand the federal power. The country is struggling with which way to go. This is about whether the country should be centralized or whether federal control should reign with reduced discretion by the policy makers. The current democratically governed education system is slowly overpowering the traditional, local s ystems. This is evident in the way higher authorities have lost confidence in the local decision makers. There is also a strong rivalry among states as governors want to use education just like tax breaks and other lures in an effort to attract business and employment. They use school funding to enhance equity and minimize property tax spending. The federal government is also focusing on centralizing more authority than it decentralizes (Epstein 15-16). The federal government could concentrate on civil rights and financing while the local political focus on the redistribution of these resources. This way, the educational needs of the society would be met efficiently (Sunderman 226-228). Conclusion The political dynamics experienced in the recent past have contributed to the increased federal power over the traditional, local school governance. The educational resolutions have been used by the political figures as a means to gain political preference. This has moved power from the ed ucational school boards to the federal and state governments who cannot account for policies that they put in place. It has resulted in unequal distribution of resources especially in the needy districts. To ensure that the current trend benefits the American society academically, accountability among the political leaders should be increased. This will ensure that once policies are enacted, they are assessed and evaluated to gain the desired results. This can also be used as a means to establish changes that need to be established to improve the education system. Since politics have a lot of influence on the educational systems, the federal governments should work closely with the school boards in order to have direct control over the policies introduced. This will promote efficiency and a quality education system. Adams, Jacob E. and Ginsberg Rick. Education Reform Overview, Reports of Historical Significance. 2012. Web. Cooper, Bruce S., C.G. James and D.F. Lance. Handbook of E ducation Politics and Policy. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2008. Print. Epstein, Noel. Whos in Charge Here?: The Tangled Web of School Governance and Policy. Washington. Brookings institution press, 2004. Print. Guthrie, James W. United States Educational Policy The Basics of Educational Policy, The Pressure for Reform in American Education, Defining Policy. 2012. Web. Monk, David H. Efficiency in Education The Choice of Outcomes, The Choice of Inputs, The Transformation Process and Implications for Policy. 2012. Web. Sunderman, Gail L. â€Å" Evidence of the Impact of School Reform on Systems Governance and Educational Beureaucrcies in the United States.† Review of Research in Education 34.1 (2006): 226-253. Print. Wilson, James Q, John J. DiIulio, and Meenekshi Bose. American Government: Institutions Policies. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2013. Print.

A Study of Human Speech and Language Term Paper

A Study of Human Speech and Language - Term Paper Example The development of language and speech starts as early as in infancy. Studies show that speech and language learning begin in the uterus with the infant’s recognition of its mother’s voice. Lieberman explains that anatomical changes and modifications in the human vocals for example the increase in length and the lower lying larynx compared to other animals is thought to play a crucial role in the development of human speech (2013). These improvements have been found to enable humans to produce a wide range of repertoire. However, changes in human genetic makeup have been shown to impact aspects related to neurologic system. Neurological aspects that control human motor control ability as well as those that lead to higher cognitive capabilities involved in speech development and language have been shown to be gene-determined. This research aims at investigating factors that influence development of speech and language in human beings to promote the conclusion that genes are responsible for human being’s speech and language development. The research questions are: The world is really being unlocked by advances in technology and is high end application in science. Voice, language, and speech are the tools used by humans to communicate with each other. Additionally, language is a significant and unique system that distinguishes humans from other animals and results to the development of race and heritage in normal child in terms of mother tongue inheritance (Dorothea, 2012). However, lack of sufficient technology and scientific knowledge has seen heated debates emerge over the development of science and language. Proponents have held strongly that human language depends on factors like adequate intelligence and environmental simulation (Mesoudi, Alan, McElligott, and David, 2011). Conversely, opponents held that human speech originated genetically. The result has been two perspectives of

Human-Resource Management Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Human-Resource Management Interview - Assignment Example   Rao (2009) defines a group as a team of members who influence one another towards the accomplishment of organizational objectives. A group comprises of a smaller number of people equipped with complementary skills and committed to the common purpose, performance goals, and the approaches that they hold themselves mutually accountable (Chiarini, 2012). Groups are highly effective in the marketing department, just as they are in other departments of organizations. The first step in understanding the functionality of groups in human-resource management requires interviewing a person who holds a leadership position in an organization, especially in the marketing department. The Interviewee The name of the person interviewed is Harrison. Harrison is an overall marketing manager of the leading banking organization in Europe. Harrison holds a Master of Business Administration from Harvard University. The company hired Harrison in the year 2003; he has ten years experience in the company , but fifteen years in the marketing department.  Ã‚  Harrison’s Experience with Utilizing Groups Harrison has used groups two times during his time as a marketing manager. Harrison was first involved in developing a marketing group, where he headed the formation process. The stages of team development that Harrison oversaw included forming, storming, norming and performing. Forming involved orienting and acquainting with the team members, which was characterized by uncertainties and stress (Chiarini, 2012). The primary role of Harrison in this stage was to recognize that team members were struggling to adjust to their new functions and the environment. Harrison had to remain tolerant of lengthy interactions probing team specifics, facilitating role clarity and emphasizing the need for customer focus. The stage of storming involved encouraging open discussion, developing interpersonal competence and urging group members to arrive at agreements that will help the group to ac hieve its objectives. Norming was another critical stage where Harrison was involved in encouraging the group towards developing team norms and values, and the process of determining unacceptable behaviors that are significant for the future productivity of the organization (Rao, 2009). The last stage of group development was performed, which involved recognizing the accomplishments of the group and the desired behavior of the team to ensure sustainability and continuance of the team for an unforeseeable future. The second time that Harrison involved himself with groups was when hired to evaluate group performance.  Ã‚  

Functions of packaging Essay Example for Free

Functions of packaging Essay The functions of packaging range from safety, information to its aesthetic aspects. Bill Stewart, (1996) has defined basic functions of packaging as follows: â€Å"product packaging must contain the product, protect the product from degradation, and identify its contents†. Stanley Sacharow, (1982) state that ‘although new dimensions of packaging are being investigated but until about 1900, a package had to perform only two functions: (1) To ensure safe delivery of the product to the consumer, and (2) To protect the product and ensure its shelf life. Apart from its functional attributes several researchers have explored the distinct roles of packaging and its growing importance is demanding to investigate its potential power in greater detail. (Thomas Hine, 1995) suggests Packaging as a tool for simplifying and speeding consumer buying decisions as packages promise, and usually deliver predictability. (Herbert M. Meyers and Murray J. Lubliner, 1998) sustain packaging functions that contribute to product differentiation, brand identification, appealing presentation, information, and enhancement. A package must literally shout attention to the product (James Pilditch, 1973). Forming an overall personality of the product is an integrated function stated by (Herbert Meyers and Richard Gerstman, 2005). â€Å"†¦.. Offered one example of the importance of package Colour. When 40 consumers were shown the same yogurt product in both an attractive blue cup and in an unattractive brown cup, only one consumer said the yogurt in the brown cup was superior to the same product in the blue cup. Those selecting the blue cup preferred it because it was sweeter, softer, definitely the best, Caron reported (Orloski, 1999) Packaging is no doubt an integral part of the offering of any organization to its consumers and stakeholders. It has to perform basic functions relevant to its attributes like size, Colour, graphics and shape. Various product strategies, designing and technologies can be used to achieve competitive advantage out of it. I. i. a. Components of Packaging Packaging is important component of the product business world. There are various factors which are important while making packaging decisions. With regard to main components of packaging, many different points of view have been expressed (Sonsino, 1990; Vidales Giovannetti, 1995; Hine, 1995; Underwood et al. , 2001; Cervera Fantoni, 2003). Generally speaking, a distinction is made between two blocks of components: (1) Graphic Components: Colour, Typography, Shapes/ Pictures (2) Structural Components: Shape, Size, Material (Olga Ampuero and Natalia Vila, 2006) In an article appeared in The Birmingham Post. (2005) have following lines which indicate the importance of packaging in the promotion and communication part of the business as well. â€Å"The bottle blends vintage and modern elements, while the packaging uses Williamsons signature Colour combinations of delicious pink and purple. † In other newspaper a product in children’s category has been mentioned. Here packaging is also mentioned as one of the importantly features of the product offering. â€Å"It is made with the gentlest ingredients for childrens sensitive skin, and has a delicate aroma of chamomile tea and baby powder. Included in the range is a shampoo and shower gel at pounds 15, body lotion pounds 17. 50, set of animal shaped soaps pounds 14, and a fragrance without alcohol pounds 25. The packaging is cute, decorated with drawings of animals. † (Sunday Mirror 1997) I. i. b. Multi-Faceted Dimension of Packaging Role of packaging is multifaceted. It functions to protect the product. It provides information like manufacturing date, expiry date, cautions and many others depending on the product. It is important for the storage and inventory management. Packaging plays a multi-functional role in the marketing of different products. Packaging not only protects the content of the product during physical distribution and storage in supply chain but also displays the product on the shelf in order to grab customer attention to make a choice among many competing products. Hence, packaging mainly plays a role of a silent salesman. (Sara, 1990). Designs of packaging have become one of the most important aspects of the product and it has been challenge for designers to develop packaging which can have all the attributes required. Numbers of products are sold in outlets where self service is practiced. According to Sonsino (1990) who has studied the buying behaviour and pattern within self service retail outlets, â€Å"Self-service has transferred the role of informing the customer from the sales assistant to advertising and to packaging. In an average supermarket the typical shopper passes about 300 items per minute. So it is quite obvious that a customer would be willing to pay little more for the convenience and prestige of better package. Therefore, packaging provides manufacturers with the last opportunity to persuade possible buyers before brand selection (McDaniel and Baker, 1977). This becomes even more important as nine out of ten purchasers, at least occasionally; buy on impulse (Welles, 1986). Sara (1990 p. 30) argues that â€Å"it is consumer’s subjective perspective that counts in his or her purchasing decision, not the product’s objective reality, and this in fact highlights the importance of packaging in the marketing mix. Consumers assess all the benefits of a product or supplier before making the final choice. The fact is that 95% of all retail purchased are made at prices higher than lowest possible†. (Bo Rundh, 2005) The point of purchase and impulsive shopping increases with good packaging strategies. Importance of packaging in the product mix can not be ignored for various reasons from the basic needs it fulfils safety and security of the product to the appeal and presentation of it. Greenman (2003) explains his expectations about buying behaviour. â€Å"it was my hope that their chosen treats would not only be to their liking, but would also have the creative packaging, Colours, patterns, shapes and attractive font that would make an interesting composition. † There is a need to understand consumer attitude and behaviour towards the packaging on special occasions will be investigated in greater detail. Understanding of the factors influencing consumers during special occasions will help marketer to serve target market effectively. I. ii. Cultural Implication on Packaging The increasing internationalization and globalization of business has forced many firms to reconsider different aspects of packaging that contributes to their competitive advantage. For some companies the package can make the difference example a superior design of a bottle like the export success of absolute Vodka (cap, seal, text and form of the bottle), which has become the second largest brand in the Vodka market (Bo Rundh, 2005, p. 670). An innovative packaging can even change product perception and create a new market position. Pringles potato chips are such an example whose innovative packaging differs from most competitive packages. I. ii. a. Culture Culture has been defined and described differently by various researchers, anthropologists and sociologists. The findings related to various cultures have been inputs for the business and economics sector in order to serve the mass with the products and services of their choices. Any business organization before investing or starting its business operations to any particular area within its country or other nations studies the socio-cultural background of that area. There is various definition of culture. Some of the definitions are discussed below: Culture has been defined as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another by Hofstede G. H. (1980), whereas Van Maanen J. and Schein E. H. (1979) defined culture as values, beliefs and expectations that members come to share. According to Kroeber A. L. and Kluckhohn C. (1952) culture is defined as transmitted patterns of values, ideas and other symbolic systems that shape behaviour, while Hall E. T. and Hall M. R. (1987) defines culture as a primary system for creating, sending, storing and processing information. (Lisa Hoecklin, 1995, p. 28) In researchers view, there is a commonality reflecting in the views of all these different authors that- culture is a set of values, beliefs, customs, behaviours and expectations which is shared by members of a society and is passed on from generation to generation. Values and beliefs of an individual develops through his family background, social set ups and his own level of understandings. Individual follows customs and rituals which have passed to him from generations to generations. His behaviour is a result of the combination of his personality, customs, believes and value systems. There are certain levels of expectations from each and every individual in the society. These expectations can be personal to the individual or family or society’s expectations to him. The result of the collective behaviour of people comes in the form of culture. Culture is something where the past of the society have impact on its present. As rightly stated: Culture can neither be separated from individual and nor from the historical context. Its importance to society is equivalent to the importance of memory to an individual. As said by (Grunert, S. C. ) language, time and place help define culture. (Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 26) I. ii. b. Hofstede’s Five Dimensions of Culture A Dutch cultural anthropologist, Geert Hofstede has developed a model of five dimensions of national culture that helps to understand basic value differences. Figure II. 2 HOFSTEDE’S FIVE DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE †¢ Power Power within a society plays vital role in its culture. Different culture has different frameworks for power and it has different implications as well. As described in Mooij and Marieke K. de (2004, p. 33) Power distance can be defined as â€Å"the extent to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. † Different countries can be divided by the power distance it has within its society. The high power society countries have centralized and top-down control while in the countries with low power societies are more independent and equal distribution of powers. For example: Japan can be described as high power distance cultures. Japanese people accept and give authority. Various factors constitute power within the society form the age of a person specific to the status and ownership. Within a family there are strong dependency relationships between parents and children. In the organizations bosses and subordinates show the distinct relationship due to the power. In the educational institute, professors and students share different relationship. Japanese people are least likely to change their job due to values they have developed and culture it has. On the other hand western countries have low power distance cultures. For instance Denmark people stress on equality of rights and opportunity. Within a family parents support their children to be independent at a young age. Dependency within the members of the culture is least. †¢ Self Approach of people can be different from each other from culture to culture. Within a society when majority of people are self conscious and think about their own interest first it is called individualism. People want to differentiate themselves from each other in such societies. They have private opinion about all the issues and problems and for them self actualization becomes an integral part of their life. In such cultures people are â€Å"I† conscious. Individual decisions are higher valued than group decisions. Most of the western countries display individualism culture where people are universalistic, share more explicit views and open communication and think about themselves first. On the other hand Asian and Latin American countries’ cultures show altogether different culture. This culture is known as collectivism. People are â€Å"we† conscious and think about their society or social network for each of their decisions. People have harmony among them and their cultural identity depends on the social network they belong.